How to test for inhalation allergies? Methods and options for allergy diagnosis
Whether pollen, dust mites, or pet dander—inhalation allergies can significantly impact daily life. But how can you determine which substances are causing the symptoms? In this article, you will learn about the different testing methods, how they work, and what to consider when choosing an allergy test.
Table of Contents
What Are Inhalation Allergies?
Inhalation allergies are allergic reactions to substances that enter the body through the air. These include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold spores. The immune system overreacts to these normally harmless substances and releases chemical messengers such as histamine, which trigger allergic symptoms such as sneezing, a runny or congested nose, coughing, or shortness of breath.
A common example is hay fever: people allergic to grass or tree pollen often suffer from watery eyes, a runny nose, and breathing difficulties, particularly in spring and summer when spending time outdoors (Cleveland Clinic, 2022).
How to Test for Inhalation Allergies?
If an inhalation allergy is suspected, it is crucial to accurately identify the triggering allergens. Various testing methods are available, and the choice of the most suitable test depends on individual factors such as symptoms, medical history, and potential intolerances (Cleveland Clinic, 2023).
1. Skin Tests (Prick Test and Intradermal Test)
Skin tests are among the most common methods for allergy diagnosis. Small amounts of potential allergens are applied on or under the skin to observe the immune system's reaction (Medline Plus, 2024).
- Prick Test: This is the most common and fastest method for diagnosing inhalation allergies. A small amount of the allergen is placed on the skin (usually on the forearm) and lightly pricked with a lancet. If an allergy is present, redness or a wheal will appear within 15–20 minutes.
- Intradermal Test: In this method, the allergen is injected directly into the skin using a fine needle. This test is more sensitive than the prick test and is used when results are unclear.
Since these tests are conducted under medical supervision, any possible reactions can be treated immediately.
2. Blood Tests (Specific IgE Test)
A blood test measures the amount of specific IgE antibodies against certain allergens.
What Is IgE?
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is an antibody produced by the immune system in response to a perceived harmful substance—in this case, an allergen. People with allergies have elevated IgE levels for specific substances.
When Is This Test Used?
This method is commonly used when a skin test is not possible, such as in cases of:
✔ Skin conditions
✔ Use of antihistamines
✔ Infants or individuals with sensitive skin
One advantage of the blood test is that it can analyze multiple allergens simultaneously (Medline Plus, 2024).
3. Provocation Tests
The provocation test directly determines whether an allergic reaction occurs when exposed to a specific allergen.
How Does the Test Work?
✔ The suspected allergen is applied directly to the mucous membranes (e.g., nose, eyes, or airways).
✔ This can be done by inhaling the allergen or applying it as a nasal spray or eye drops.
When Is This Test Conducted?
✔ If skin or blood tests do not provide clear results.
✔ To confirm an allergy before initiating therapy.
Important: Since this test can cause severe allergic reactions, it is performed exclusively under medical supervision (Gauvreau et al., 2022).
At-Home Allergy Tests: A Practical Alternative?
In addition to medical allergy tests, self-tests for allergies are now available, allowing individuals to test conveniently from home. These tests typically work as blood tests, where a small drop of blood is placed on a test card and analyzed in a laboratory. While these tests can provide initial indications of an allergy, they do not replace a medical examination.
One example is the Homed-IQ Inhalation Allergy Test, which screens for over 20 common allergens, including pollen, dust mites, and pet dander. After collecting the sample at home, the blood sample is analyzed in a certified laboratory, and results are available online.
This inhalation allergy test is particularly useful for individuals looking for early indications of potential allergies before considering further medical evaluations.
Summary
Inhalation allergies occur due to hypersensitivity to airborne substances such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. Various testing methods are available for diagnosis, including skin tests, blood tests, and provocation tests, which are used depending on the individual situation.
In addition to test results, medical history, physical examination, and long-term symptom observation also play a crucial role. Only by combining these factors can a reliable diagnosis be made, helping to determine the appropriate measures to alleviate symptoms.
