Can STIs be transmitted by golden showers?

"Golden Showers" are among the less frequently discussed sexual practices, yet they spark curiosity in some individuals. This practice involves the deliberate incorporation of urine into sexual play. A common question is whether and to what extent this practice poses health risks—particularly regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This article examines the circumstances under which STI transmission may occur and provides helpful tips on how to protect yourself and your health. 

Table of Contents

• What are "Golden Showers"?
• Can sexually transmitted infections (STIs) be transmitted through urine?
• Which STIs can be transmitted through Golden Showers?
• Factors that can increase the risk of STI transmission during a Golden Shower
• How to minimize the risk
• Summary

What are "Golden Showers"?

"Golden Showers" is a term describing a sexual practice in which urine is consensually integrated into lovemaking. This practice can take various forms, such as urinating on a partner's body or direct contact with urine. It is also known as "urolagnia" or "water sports" and is considered erotic by some individuals.

Can sexually transmitted infections (STIs) be transmitted through urine?

In general, the risk of transmitting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) through a Golden Shower is low. Most STI pathogens reside in specific bodily fluids such as semen, vaginal secretions, blood, or mucosal secretions, rather than in urine. However, under certain conditions and for specific pathogens, there may be a potential risk (WHO, 2024).

Which STIs can be transmitted through Golden Showers?

The following are the primary STIs that could theoretically be transmitted through a Golden Shower:

• HIV: HIV is not present in urine unless it contains blood. If visible blood is present, contact with mucous membranes (e.g., in the mouth, vagina, or anus) or open wounds poses a slight transmission risk. Without blood in the urine, transmission is extremely unlikely.

• Hepatitis B and C: Similar to HIV, the primary transmission risk arises when blood is present in urine. However, hepatitis B viruses can occur in small amounts in other bodily fluids, which could pose a slight risk when in direct contact with mucous membranes.

• Gonorrhea (Clap): The bacteria causing gonorrhea can reside in the urogenital tract. Transmission is theoretically possible if infected urine comes into contact with mucous membranes (e.g., in the mouth, vagina, penis, or anus). However, the risk is low and rare.

• Chlamydia: Chlamydia can be detected in the urine of infected individuals. Direct contact between infected urine and mucous membranes could allow for transmission, but the risk remains low.

• Trichomoniasis: The parasite Trichomonas vaginalis can infect the urogenital region. Transmission via infected urine is conceivable but occurs rarely.

• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Herpes viruses are typically found in the fluid of herpes blisters or infected tissues. The transmission risk exists only if urine comes into contact with open herpes lesions. However, the risk is very low and depends on factors such as the size, freshness, and number of lesions.

Sources: MedlinePlus, 2024; WHO, 2024

Factors that can increase the risk of STI transmission during a Golden Shower

Although the risk of contracting an STI through a Golden Shower is generally low, certain factors can increase this risk. These factors relate to the nature of the contact, the health status of those involved, and potential circumstances. The key risk factors include:

• Blood in urine: The presence of blood in urine increases the risk of transmitting bloodborne infections such as HIV or hepatitis. Pathogens can enter the recipient’s body through mucous membranes or open wounds.

• Contact with mucous membranes and sensitive tissue: Urine that comes into contact with mucous membranes in the mouth, vagina, anus, or penis tip may pose infection risks, particularly for infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea. The eyes are also susceptible and can be affected by gonorrhea bacteria if exposed to infected urine.

• Open wounds or irritated skin: Pathogens can more easily enter the body if urine comes into contact with open wounds or irritated skin.

• Infections in the urinating person: Infection-causing agents such as gonorrhea or chlamydia may be present in the urine of individuals with an STI, posing a risk of transmission.

• Weakened immune system: Individuals with weakened immune systems, whether due to chronic illness or immunosuppressive medication, are more susceptible to infections even at lower risk levels.

• Insufficient hygiene and lack of preparation: Poor intimate hygiene before engaging in the practice can increase the risk of bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs). Additionally, not knowing the STI status of participants can lead to undetected infections being transmitted.

• Intense or repeated contact: Repeated or intense exposure to urine, especially on sensitive skin or mucous membranes, can lead to irritation or infection, particularly if the skin barrier is already damaged.

Sources: Mayo Clinic, 2024; YaleMedicine, 2024

How to minimize the risk

Ensuring the safety and health of all participants is a priority in sexual practices such as Golden Showers. The following measures can effectively reduce potential risks and ensure a safe, enjoyable experience:

• Regular STI testing: All participants should undergo regular STI testing to rule out undetected infections. Many infections, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis, are asymptomatic in the early stages, meaning individuals may unknowingly transmit them.

• Thorough hygiene: Careful cleaning before and after the practice significantly reduces the risk of transmitting pathogens.

• Use of barrier methods: For practices with higher risk, condoms or dental dams can provide additional protection and prevent infections.

• Open communication: Discuss sexual health, potential risks, and personal boundaries beforehand to ensure a safe experience for all participants.

• Avoid contact with blood: Ensure that no blood is present in urine, as this significantly increases the risk of infection.

• Occasional abstinence: If there is uncertainty about health status or a suspected infection, refrain from such practices until clarity is obtained.

Sources: CDC, 2024

Do you want to get tested?

In Germany, STI testing is available at public health offices, general practitioners, or through at-home test kits. Homed-IQ offers 100% discreet at-home tests that allow for easy, private, and secure STI screening. All results are analyzed in ISO-certified laboratories that are also used by clinics and medical practices.

Summary

The likelihood of transmitting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) through “Golden Showers” is generally low under normal circumstances. However, certain factors such as blood in urine, contact with mucous membranes or open wounds, and a weakened immune system can increase the risk when coming into contact with infected urine. Infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or hepatitis can be transmitted under specific conditions. Regular STI testing, thorough hygiene, and open communication are essential measures to minimize risk and ensure a safe experience.