Allergy-proof your home: inhalation allergy tips

Constant sneezing, itchy eyes, or shortness of breath? Inhalation allergies, such as those caused by hay fever, can significantly impact daily life. Hay fever affects around 21–23% of the European population and is triggered by an allergic reaction to pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds (Lake et al., 2017). However, with a few targeted measures, it is possible to significantly reduce allergen exposure at home. Here you can learn how to make your home allergy-friendly and relieve your symptoms. 

Table of Contents

• What is an inhalation allergy?
• Helpful tips for an allergy-free home
• How do I know if my symptoms are caused by an inhalation allergy?
• Which allergens most commonly cause inhalation allergies?
• How can I make my car allergy-friendly?
• Which foods can trigger cross-reactions in people with inhalation allergies
• Summary

What is an inhalation allergy?

An inhalation allergy occurs when the immune system mistakenly identifies harmless airborne substances like pollen or dust mites as dangerous. As a result, the body produces IgE antibodies, which activate specific immune cells. These then release the inflammatory messenger histamine. This causes the body to become hypersensitive, leading to allergic reactions and the typical symptoms of an inhalation allergy (Cleveland Clinic, 2022).

Helpful tips for an allergy-free home

Do you suffer from an inhalation allergy yourself, or does someone in your family, circle of friends, or acquaintances have one? Then here are some helpful tips for an allergy-free home:

1. Use an air purifier with a HEPA filter
A high-quality air purifier with a HEPA filter (High Efficiency Particulate Air) can remove up to 99.97% of airborne particles, including pollen, dust, pet dander, and other allergens. Especially in bedrooms and living areas where people spend a lot of time, an air purifier can noticeably improve air quality. Devices with activated carbon filters can also trap pollutants and odors (Eurovent Certita Certification, 2023).

2. Ventilate regularly and strategically
Fresh air is important, but for allergy sufferers, ventilation should be planned carefully. During pollen season, it’s best to ventilate in the morning or right after rainfall, as pollen concentrations are lowest then. Particularly sensitive individuals can install special pollen screens on their windows to minimize allergen entry into the home.

3. Wash bedding frequently and at high temperatures
House dust mites are among the most common allergy triggers and thrive in bedding, mattresses, and pillows. To reduce their population, bedding, pillows, and blankets should be washed at least once a week at 60°C. It is also important to air out mattresses regularly and avoid moisture in the bedroom. Laundry should ideally not be dried outdoors, especially during pollen season, to avoid additional pollen exposure. Special allergy-friendly bedding can also help:

• Mite-proof covers (“encasings”) – Block mites and their allergens
• Foam or latex mattresses – Offer less habitat for mites than spring mattresses
• Washable pillows and blankets – Must be washable at a minimum of 60°C to kill mites
• Hypoallergenic fillings – Microfiber, synthetic materials, or specially treated down prevent mite infestations

4. Avoid carpets and heavy curtains
Carpets, upholstered furniture, and curtains can trap large amounts of dust and allergens, which are released into the air with every movement. Smooth flooring such as parquet, laminate, or tiles is more suitable, as it is easier to clean. If carpets cannot be avoided, they should be vacuumed regularly with a vacuum cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter. Light, washable curtains are also better than heavy fabrics, which tend to attract dust.

5. Use a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter
Vacuuming often stirs up fine particles that then remain suspended in the air and can be inhaled. To avoid this, a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter should be used, as it reliably captures allergens and prevents them from being released back into the room air. Vacuuming should be done regularly, especially in bedrooms and living areas, to reduce house dust exposure.

6. Actively prevent mold growth
Mold spores are strong allergens that can cause respiratory problems and irritation. The ideal indoor humidity is between 40 and 50% to prevent mold formation. In damp rooms such as the bathroom or kitchen, it is especially important to ventilate well after showering or cooking. If humidity levels are too high, a dehumidifier can be used (a humidifier may be used in cases of overly dry air). A hygrometer helps monitor humidity levels. Walls and window frames should also be checked regularly for mold growth, and any affected areas should be removed immediately.

7. Groom pets regularly and limit their access
Pet hair and dander can be potent allergens that spread throughout the home. For pet owners, allergy-friendly breeds are recommended. Those who keep pets despite having allergies should brush them regularly and bathe them if possible to reduce the amount of allergenic particles. Brushing should ideally be done outdoors to avoid bringing additional allergens into the home. It is also advisable to designate the bedroom as a pet-free zone to ensure undisturbed breathing at night.

8. Avoid fragrances and chemical cleaning products
Many conventional cleaning agents, air fresheners, or scented candles contain chemicals that can irritate the mucous membranes and worsen allergic reactions. To improve air quality, mild, fragrance-free cleaning and laundry products should be used. Natural alternatives such as vinegar or baking soda are not only environmentally friendly but also gentler on allergy sufferers.

9. Choose indoor plants carefully
Plants can improve indoor air quality by filtering pollutants, but some plants can also release allergens themselves. In particular, ficus species or ferns can trigger allergic reactions or promote mold growth due to moist soil. Better suited are plants such as papyrus, spider plant, or aloe, which clean the air without promoting allergies (Allergy Center Switzerland, 2021).

10. Do not dry laundry outdoors
Since pollen can easily settle in fabrics, allergy sufferers should avoid hanging freshly washed laundry outdoors. Instead, laundry should be dried indoors or in a tumble dryer to prevent pollen from clinging to clothing. This is especially helpful during pollen season to reduce allergic reactions.

Sources: Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, 2015; Kent Hospital, 2024; Yale Health, n.d.; Mayo Clinic, 2024

Frequently asked questions

How do I know if my symptoms are caused by an inhalation allergy?

Typical signs of an inhalation allergy include:

• Sneezing fits, runny or blocked nose
• Itchy, watery, or red eyes
• Coughing, shortness of breath, or tightness in the chest
• Itching in the throat or palate
• Seasonal or situation-dependent symptoms (e.g., worse outdoors or indoors)

Source: KNO Medisch Centrum, n.d.

An allergy test can help identify the cause. A quick and simple option is the Homediq Inhalation Allergy Test, which can be done easily at home. This test measures IgE reactivity to 34 different inhalation allergens, including animals, house dust mites, grasses and pollens, tree pollens, weed pollens, and others.

Which allergens most commonly cause inhalation allergies?

The most common allergens that trigger inhalation allergies include:

• Pollen – Grasses, trees (e.g., birch, alder), and herbs (e.g., mugwort, ragweed)
• House dust mites – Especially in mattresses, carpets, and upholstered furniture
• Mold spores – In damp rooms, potting soil, or poorly ventilated areas
• Animal hair and dander – Cats, dogs, horses, and rodents

Source: KNO Medisch Centrum, n.d.

How can I make my car allergy-friendly?

An allergy-friendly car requires measures to reduce pollen, dust, and mold:

• Vacuum the interior regularly – Dust, pollen, and mites can settle in upholstery, seat backs, and headrests
• Wipe surfaces with a damp cloth – Remove allergens from the steering wheel, dashboard, windows, and cup holders
• Keep windows closed – Prevents pollen from entering; use the air conditioning instead
• Change the cabin air filter regularly – A clogged filter can release allergens back into the interior
• Avoid moisture – Remove wet clothes or spilled liquids quickly to prevent mold growth
• Don’t neglect exterior cleaning – Pollen on the car body can enter the vehicle

Source: ENT of Georgia, 2022

Which foods can trigger cross-reactions in people with inhalation allergies?

Cross-reactions occur when the immune system of an allergy sufferer overreacts to similar protein structures found in different allergens. This happens because some pollen allergens share structural similarities with proteins found in certain foods or other environmental substances. As a result, allergic reactions may occur not only due to the original inhalation allergy but also after consuming specific foods.

Common examples:

Source: Werfel, T. et al., 2015

Summary

Inhalation allergies such as hay fever affect around 21–23% of the European population and can be triggered by pollen, house dust mites, or mold spores. Typical symptoms like sneezing, itchy eyes, and breathing difficulties can be significantly alleviated with targeted measures. Key tips include using air purifiers with HEPA filters, ventilating regularly and strategically, washing bedding frequently at 60 °C, and avoiding carpets and heavy curtains that can trap allergens. Additionally, laundry should not be dried outdoors to avoid additional pollen exposure. Avoiding fragrances and chemical cleaning agents, regularly grooming pets, and carefully choosing indoor plants also help improve air quality. These measures can help create an allergy-friendly home and greatly reduce allergen exposure.